¥The global warming signal is
different from the interannual to decadal modes of variability
¥Large regional noise in short
instrumental data requires longer series to assess systematic trends in modes
¥Proxy records offer an
extension to the instrumental record, but significant challenges remain (proper patterns used for training, quality of proxies)
¥We need to improve our
dynamical understanding of the primary modes of variability in order to make regional climate change predictions