The challenge is to better determine: 

1)how the climate system is changing
2)how the forcings are changing
3)how these relate to each other (incl. feedbacks)
4)attribution of anomalies to causes
5)what they mean for the immediate and more distant future  (assessment)
6)Validate and improve models
7)seamless predictions on multiple time scales
8)how to use this information for informed planning and decision making
9)how to manage the data and reanalyze it routinely
10)how to disseminate products around the world
11)how to interact with users and stakeholders and add regional value

From Trenberth et al 2002
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